资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
地方两会密集点题促消费 今年消费有望明显好转****** 本报记者 孟 珂 见习记者 韩 昱 近段时间,地方两会密集召开。多地在政府工作报告中将促消费列为2023年重点工作。 接受《证券日报》记者采访的多位专家表示,在海外主要经济体经济下行风险加大的情况下,2023年我国经济稳健增长将更多依靠内需驱动,其中消费将起到至关重要的作用。随着各地密集部署促消费相关举措,2023年我国消费有望出现明显好转。 多地拼经济 重点“瞄准”促消费 2022年12月份召开的中央经济工作会议提出,要把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置。增强消费能力,改善消费条件,创新消费场景。多渠道增加城乡居民收入,支持住房改善、新能源汽车、养老服务等消费。 近期多地将恢复和扩大消费列为2023年工作重点,并作出了具体的工作安排。 例如,安徽芜湖市在2023年政府工作报告中提出重点做好八个方面工作,其中提及要“促进消费持续回暖。增强消费对经济发展的基础性作用,多措并举提升居民收入和消费能力”,并提出要“通过推动供给创新培育消费新增长点,促进聚集性、接触性消费加快恢复。做活线上消费平台,建设新型消费网络节点,网络零售额实现700亿元,增长14%”。 山东济南市在2023年政府工作报告中提出,要“促进消费恢复扩大。积极对标建设国际消费中心城市,着力提高省会消费能级和吸引力”“保持汽车、家电等大宗消费稳定增长”,并提出要“新引进知名首店、品牌店、旗舰店50家以上,促进‘老字号’创新发展”。 星图金融研究院高级研究员付一夫对《证券日报》记者表示,从宏观经济视角来看,当前随着海外主要经济体经济衰退风险加剧,我国出口亦有所承压,此时需要政策端快速释放内需空间,以强化经济增长动力,消费的重要性进一步凸显。 “消费作为最终需求,是畅通国内大循环的关键环节和重要引擎,对经济具有持久拉动力,事关保障和改善民生。”中国国际经济交流中心经济研究部副部长刘向东在接受《证券日报》记者采访时表示,当前各地把恢复和扩大消费摆在优先位置,将有助于更好统筹供给侧结构性改革和扩大内需,使消费潜力充分释放出来,发挥消费对经济循环的牵引带动作用。与此同时,扩大消费还能帮助增加居民收入,提振市场信心,引导经济进入正反馈的良性循环,切实发挥出消费支出对经济增长的基础性支撑作用。 提高居民收入 恢复消费需求 业内人士认为,2022年我国消费市场总体表现较为疲弱。国家统计局数据显示,2022年11月份,社会消费品零售总额38615亿元,同比下降5.9%;2022年1月份至11月份,社会消费品零售总额399190亿元,同比下降0.1%。 在民生银行首席经济学家温彬看来,此前制约消费恢复的因素主要是线下消费场景受限、居民消费能力减弱以及居民消费意愿低迷。不过随着疫情防控措施持续优化,消费场景不断修复,线下接触性、聚集性消费将会逐渐恢复。同时,在稳增长政策支持下,经济将实现温和复苏,带动就业扩大和居民收入增加,从而增强居民消费能力和消费意愿。 刘向东表示,要增强消费能力,改善消费条件,创新消费场景,就要多渠道增加居民收入,提升居民消费能力和意愿,稳定和优化多样化的消费场景。比如,可以加快高速公路(含服务区)、国省干线、农村公路,特别是旅游公路沿线充电基础设施布局建设,支持居民社区、小区等停车场安装充电桩,发挥充电基础设施的网络效应,吸引更多消费者购置新能源汽车。出台新一轮汽车、家电下乡和“以旧换新”补贴政策,引导居民加快汽车、家电等大宗消费品的更新换代。 事实上,不少地方政府已在相关方面部署了具体措施。比如,1月3日,河南省发布《大力提振市场信心促进经济稳定向好政策措施》,提出鼓励各地出台促进汽车消费的惠民政策,将购车补贴政策延续至2023年3月底,对在省内新购汽车按购车价格的5%给予消费者补贴,最高不超过10000元/台,省、市级财政各补贴一半;鼓励各地对智能电子产品和家用电器产品消费进行补贴或开展以旧换新促销活动,将省财政对各地实际财政补贴支出按不超过30%给予奖补政策延续至2023年3月底。 在付一夫看来,恢复消费需求,要从提高居民收入着手,从而达到提振信心的作用。需要继续切实推动就业市场稳定,以确保居民有稳定的收入来源。同时,可以继续为中小微企业纾困解难,缓解市场主体的经营压力,继而稳定就业岗位。 “还可以考虑针对特定行业发放消费券,有利于在降低消费者消费成本、增加消费意愿的同时,带动行业回暖。”付一夫进一步表示。(证券日报) (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |